Method and apparatus for requesting uplink resource with bandwidth part switching in wireless communication system

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a method of performing a random access (RA) procedure by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system. In particular, the method includes the steps of: triggering the RA procedure, wherein, when there is an ongoing scheduling request (SR) procedure on a first uplink (UL) bandwidth part (BWP), a second UL BWP is selected, wherein both an SR resource and PRACH resources are configured in the second ULBWP; and transmitting a RA preamble and a SR of the ongoing SR procedure on the second ULBWP.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method for requesting an uplink resource with switching a bandwidth part (BWP) in a wireless communication system and an apparatus therefor. BACKGROUND ART

Introduction of new radio communication technologies has led to increases in the number of user equipments (UEs) to which a base station (BS) provides services in a prescribed resource region, and has also led to increases in the amount of data and control information that the BS transmits to the UEs. Due to typically limited resources available to the BS for communication with the UE(s), new techniques are needed by which the BS utilizes the limited radio resources to efficiently receive/transmit uplink/downlink data and/or uplink/downlink control information. In particular, overcoming delay or latency has become an important challenge in applications whose performance critically depends on delay/latency

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION Technical Problem

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for requesting an uplink resource with switching a bandwidth part (BWP) in a wireless communication system and an apparatus therefor.

Solution to Problem

The object of the present invention can be achieved by the method for performing a random access (RA) procedure by a user equipment (UE)in a wireless communication system, comprising the steps of triggering the RA procedure, wherein, when there is an ongoing scheduling request (SR) procedure on a first uplink (UL) bandwidth part (BWP), a second UL BWP is selected, wherein both an SR resource and PRACH resources are configured in the second UL BWP; and transmitting a RA preamble and a SR of the ongoing SR procedure on the second UL BWP.

Further, it is suggested a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system comprising at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising triggering a random access (RA) procedure, wherein, when there is an ongoing scheduling request (SR) procedure on a first uplink (UL) bandwidth part (BWP), a second UL BWP is selected, wherein both an SR resource and PRACH resources are configured in the second UL BWP; and transmitting a RA preamble and a SR of the ongoing SR procedure on the second UL BWP.

Preferably, a random access response (RAR) is received on a downlink (DL) BWP having a same BWP identifier as the second ULBWP.

Preferably, an uplink grant related to the ongoing SR procedure is received on a downlink (DL) BWP having a same BWP identifier as the second UL BWP. More preferably, a new UL transmission should be performed using the uplink grant on the second UL BWP.

Preferably, when there is not the ongoing SR procedure on the first ULBWP, the RA preamble is transmitted on the first UL BWP.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

According to the aforementioned embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of wireless nodes can request an uplink resource with switching a bandwidth part (BWP) efficiently.

Effects obtainable from the present invention may be non-limited by the above mentioned effect. And, other unmentioned effects can be clearly understood from the following description by those having ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention pertains.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principle of the invention:

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a communication system 1 to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating examples of communication devices which can perform a method according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 illustrates another example of a wireless device which can perform implementations of the present invention;

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of protocol stacks in a third generation partnership project (3GPP) based wireless communication system;

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a frame structure in a 3GPP based wireless communication system;

FIG. 6 illustrates a data flow example in the 3GPP new radio (NR) system;

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of PDSCH time domain resource allocation by PDCCH, and an example of PUSCH time resource allocation by PDCCH;

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of physical layer processing at a transmitting side;

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of physical layer processing at a receiving side.

FIG. 10 illustrates operations of the wireless devices based on the implementations of the present disclosure;

FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a procedure at a transmitting side according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 12 shows an example of a configuration for a UE at a transmitting side according to the present disclosure;

FIGS. 13-15 show an example of a procedure at a receiving side according to the present disclosure.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary implementations of the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The detailed description, which will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings, is intended to explain exemplary implementations of the present disclosure, rather than to show the only implementations that can be implemented according to the disclosure. The following detailed description includes specific details in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure may be practiced without such specific details.

The following techniques, apparatuses, and systems may be applied to a variety of wireless multiple access systems. Examples of the multiple access systems include a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, a frequency division multiple access (FDMA) system, a time division multiple access (TDMA) system, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system, a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) system, and a multicarrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA) system. CDMA may be embodied through radio technology such as universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA may be embodied through radio technology such as global system for mobile communications (GSM), general packet radio service (GPRS), or enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE). OFDMA may be embodied through radio technology such as institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). UTRA is a part of a universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS). 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) is a part of evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA. 3GPP LTE employs OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL. LTE-advanced (LTE-A) is an evolved version of 3GPP LTE.

For convenience of description, implementations of the present disclosure are mainly described in regards to a 3GPP based wireless communication system. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, although the following detailed description is given based on a mobile communication system corresponding to a 3GPP based wireless communication system, aspects of the present disclosure that are not limited to 3GPP based wireless communication system are applicable to other mobile communication systems. For terms and technologies which are not specifically described among the terms of and technologies employed in the present disclosure, the wireless communication standard documents published before the present disclosure may be referenced. For example, the following documents may be referenced.

3GPP LTE

-   -   3GPPTS36.211: Physical channels and modulation     -   3GPPTS36.212: Multiplexing and channel coding     -   3GPPTS36.213: Physical layer procedures     -   3GPPTS36.214: Physical layer; Measurements     -   3GPPTS36.300: Overall description     -   3GPPTS36.304: User Equipment (UE) procedures in idle mode     -   3GPPTS36.314: Layer 2-Measurements     -   3GPPTS36.321: Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol     -   3GPPTS36.322: Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol     -   3GPPTS36.323: Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)     -   3GPPTS36.331: Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol     -   3GPPNR (e.g. 5G)     -   3GPPTS38.211: Physical channels and modulation     -   3GPPTS38.212: Multiplexing and channel coding     -   3GPPTS38.213: Physical layer procedures for control     -   3GPPTS38.214: Physical layer procedures for data     -   3GPPTS38.215: Physical layer measurements     -   3GPPTS38.300: Overall description     -   3GPPTS38.304: User Equipment (UE) procedures in idle mode and in         RRC inactive state     -   3GPPTS38.321: Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol     -   3GPPTS38.322: Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol     -   3GPPTS38.323: Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)     -   3GPPTS38.331: Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol     -   3GPPTS37.324: Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP)     -   3GPPTS37.340: Multi-connectivity; Overall description

In the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) may be a fixed or mobile device. Examples of the UE include various devices that transmit and receive user data and/or various kinds of control information to and from a base station (BS). In the present disclosure, a BS generally refers to a fixed station that performs communication with a UE and/or another BS, and exchanges various kinds of data and control information with the UE and another BS. The BS may be referred to as an advanced base station (ABS), a node-B (NB), an evolved node-B (eNB), a base transceiver system (BTS), an access point (AP), a processing server (PS), etc. Especially, a BS of the UMTS is referred to as a NB, a BS of the enhanced packet core (EPC)/longterm evolution (LTE) system is referred to as an eNB, and a BS of the new radio (NR) system is referred to as a gNB.

In the present disclosure, a node refers to a point capable of transmitting/receiving a radio signal through communication with a UE. Various types of BSs may be used as nodes irrespective of the terms thereof. For example, a BS, a node B (NB), an e-node B (eNB), a pico-cell eNB (PeNB), a home eNB (HeNB), a relay, a repeater, etc. may be a node. In addition, the node may not be a BS. For example, the node may be a radio remote head (RRH) or a radio remote unit (RRU). The RRH or RRU generally has a lower power level than a power level of a BS. Since the RRH or RRU (hereinafter, RRH/RRU) is generally connected to the BS through a dedicated line such as an optical cable, cooperative communication between RRH/RRU and the BS can be smoothly performed in comparison with cooperative communication between BSs connected by a radio line. At least one antenna is installed per node. The antenna may include a physical antenna or an antenna port or a virtual antenna.

In the present disclosure, the term “cell” may refer to a geographic area to which one or more nodes provide a communication system, or refer to radio resources. A “cell” of a geographic area may be understood as coverage within which a node can provide service using a carrier and a “cell” as radio resources (e.g. time-frequency resources) is associated with bandwidth (BW) which is a frequency range configured by the carrier. The “cell” associated with the radio resources is defined by a combination of downlink resources and uplink resources, for example, a combination of a downlink (DL) component carrier (CC) and an uplink (UL) CC. The cell maybe configured by downlink resources only, or may be configured by downlink resources and uplink resources. Since DL coverage, which is a range within which the node is capable of transmitting a valid signal, and UL coverage, which is a range within which the node is capable of receiving the valid signal from the UE, depends upon a carrier carrying the signal, the coverage of the node may be associated with coverage of the “cell” of radio resources used by the node. Accordingly, the term “cell” may be used to represent service coverage of the node sometimes, radio resources at other times, or a range that signals using the radio resources can reach with valid strength at other times.

In the present disclosure, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), and a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) refer to a set of time-frequency resources or resource elements (REs) carrying downlink control information (DCI), and a set of time-frequency resources or REs carrying downlink data, respectively. In addition, a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) and a physical random access channel (PRACH) refer to a set of time-frequency resources or REs carrying uplink control information (UCI), a set of time-frequency resources or REs carrying uplink data and a set of time-frequency resources or REs carrying random access signals, respectively.

In carrier aggregation (CA), two or more CCs are aggregated. A UE may simultaneously receive or transmit on one or multiple CCs depending on its capabilities. CA is supported for both contiguous and non-contiguous CCs. When CA is configured the UE only has one radio resource control (RRC) connection with the network. At RRC connection establishment/re-establishment/handover, one serving cell provides the non-access stratum (NAS) mobility information, and at RRC connection reestablishment/handover, one serving cell provides the security input. This cell is referred to as the Primary Cell (PCell). The PCell is a cell, operating on the primary frequency, in which the UE either performs the initial connection establishment procedure or initiates the connection re-establishment procedure. Depending on UE capabilities, Secondary Cells (SCells) can be configured to form together with the PCell a set of serving cells. An SCell is a cell providing additional radio resources on top of Special Cell. The configured set of serving cells for a UE therefore always consists of one PCell and one or more SCells. In the present disclosure, for dual connectivity (DC) operation, the term “special Cell” refers to the PC ell of the master cell group (MCG) or the PSCell of the secondary cell group (SCG), and otherwise the term Special Cell refers to the PC ell. An SpCell supports physical uplink control channel (PU CCH) transmission and contention-based random access, and is always activated. The MCG is a group of serving cells associated with a master node, comprising of the SpCell (PCell) and optionally one or more SCells. The SCG is the subset of serving cells associated with a secondary node, comprising of the PSCell and zero or more SCells, for a UE configured with DC. For a UE in RRC_CONNECTED not configured with CA/DC there is only one serving cell comprising of the PCell. For a UE in RRC_CONNECTED configured with CA/DC the term “serving cells” is used to denote the set of cells comprising of the SpCell(s) and all SCells.

The MC G is a group of serving cells associated with a master BS which terminates at least S1-MME, and the SCG is a group of serving cells associated with a secondary BS that is providing additional radio resources for the UE but is not the master BS. The SCG includes a primary SCell (PSCell) and optionally one or more SCells. In DC, two MAC entities are configured in the UE: one for the MCG and one for the SCG. Each MAC entity is configured by RRC with a serving cell supporting PUCCH transmission and contention based Random Access. In the present disclosure, the term SpCell refers to such cell, whereas the term SCell refers to other serving cells. The term SpCell either refers to the PCell of the MCG or the PSCell of the SCG depending on if the MAC entity is associated to the MCG or the SCG, respectively.

In the present disclosure, monitoring a channel refers to attempting to decode the channel. For example, monitoring a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) refers to attempting to decode PDCCH(s) (or PDCCH candidates).

In the present disclosure, “C-RNTI” refers to a cell RNTI, “SI-RNTI” refers to a system information RNTI, “P-RNTI” refers to a paging RNTI, “RA-RNTI” refers to a random access RNTI, “SC-RNTI” refers to a single cell RNTI”, “SL-RNTI” refers to a sidelink RNTI, “SPSC-RNTI” refers to a semi-persistent scheduling C-RNTI, and “CS-RNTI” refers to a configured scheduling RNTI.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a communication system 1 to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

Three main requirement categories for 5G include (1) a category of enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), (2) a category of massive machine type communication (mMTC), and (3) a category of ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC).

Partial use cases may require a plurality of categories for optimization and other use cases may focus only upon one key performance indicator (KPI). 5G supports such various use cases using a flexible and reliable method.

eMBB far surpasses basic mobile Internet access and covers abundant bidirectional work and media and entertainment applications in cloud and augmented reality. Data is one of 5G core motive forces and, in a 5G era, a dedicated voice service may not be provided for the first time. In 5G, itis expected that voice will be simply processed as an application program using data connection provided by a communication system. Main causes for increased traffic volume are due to an increase in the size of content and an increase in the number of applications requiring high data transmission rate. A streaming service (of audio and video), conversational video, and mobile Internet access will be more widely used as more devices are connected to the Internet. These many application programs require connectivity of an always turned-on state in order to push real-time information and alarm for users. Cloud storage and applications are rapidly increasing in a mobile communication platform and may be applied to both work and entertainment. The cloud storage is a special use case which accelerates growth of uplink data transmission rate. 5G is also used for remote work of cloud. When a tactile interface is used, 5G demands much lower end-to-end latency to maintain user good experience. Entertainment, for example, cloud gaming and video streaming, is another core element which increases demand for mobile broadband capability. Entertainment is essential for a smartphone and a tablet in any place including high mobility environments such as a train, a vehicle, and an airplane. Other use cases are augmented reality for entertainment and information search. In this case, the augmented reality requires very low latency and instantaneous data volume.

In addition, one of the most expected 5G use cases relates a function capable of smoothly connecting embedded sensors in all fields, i.e., mMTC. Itis expected that the number of potential IoT devices will reach 204 hundred million up to the year of 2020. An industrial IoT is one of categories of performing a main role enabling a smart city, asset tracking, smart utility, agriculture, and security infrastructure through 5G.

URLLC includes a new service that will change industry through remote control of main infrastructure and an ultra-reliable/available low-latency link such as a self-driving vehicle. A level of reliability and latency is essential to control a smart grid, automatize industry, achieve robotics, and control and adjust a drone.

5G is a means of providing streaming evaluated as a few hundred megabits per second to gigabits per second and may complement fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (or DOCSIS). Such fast speed is needed to deliver TV in resolution of 4K or more (6K, 8K, and more), as well as virtual reality and augmented reality. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications include almost immersive sports games. A specific application program may require a special network configuration. For example, for VR games, gaming companies need to incorporate a core server into an edge network server of a network operator in order to minimize latency.

Automotive is expected to be a new important motivated force in 5G together with many use cases for mobile communication for vehicles. For example, entertainment for passengers requires high simultaneous capacity and mobile broadband with high mobility. This is because future users continue to expect connection of high quality regardless of their locations and speeds. Another use case of an automotive field is an AR dashboard. The AR dashboard causes a driver to identify an object in the dark in addition to an object seen from a front window and displays a distance from the object and a movement of the object by overlapping information talking to the driver. In the future, a wireless module enables communication between vehicles, information exchange between a vehicle and supporting infrastructure, and information exchange between a vehicle and other connected devices (e.g., devices accompanied by a pedestrian). A safety system guides alternative courses of a behavior so that a driver may drive more safely drive, thereby lowering the danger of an accident. The next stage will be a remotely controlled or self-driven vehicle. This requires very high reliability and very fast communication between different self-driven vehicles and between a vehicle and infrastructure. In the future, a self-driven vehicle will perform all driving activities and a driver will focus only upon abnormal traffic that the vehicle cannot identify. Technical requirements of a self-driven vehicle demand ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability so that traffic safety is increased to a level that cannot be achieved by human being.

A smart city and a smart home/building mentioned as a smart society will be embedded in a high-density wireless sensor network. A distributed network of an intelligent sensor will identify conditions for costs and energy-efficient maintenance of a city or a home. Similar configurations may be performed for respective households. All of temperature sensors, window and heating controllers, burglar alarms, and home appliances are wirelessly connected. Many of these sensors are typically low in data transmission rate, power, and cost. However, real-time HD video may be demanded by a specific type of device to perform monitoring.

Consumption and distribution of energy including heat or gas is distributed at a higher level so that automated control of the distribution sensor network is demanded. The smart grid collects information and connects the sensors to each other using digital information and communication technology so as to act according to the collected information. Since this information may include behaviors of a supply company and a consumer, the smart grid may improve distribution of fuels such as electricity by a method having efficiency, reliability, economic feasibility, production sustainability, and automation. The smart grid may also be regarded as another sensor network having low latency.

Mission critical application (e.g. e-health) is one of 5G use scenarios. A health part contains many application programs capable of enjoying benefit of mobile communication. A communication system may support remote treatment that provides clinical treatment in a faraway place. Remote treatment may aid in reducing a barrier against distance and improve access to medical services that cannot be continuously available in a faraway rural area. Remote treatment is also used to perform important treatment and save lives in an emergency situation. The wireless sensor network based on mobile communication may provide remote monitoring and sensors for parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.

Wireless and mobile communication gradually becomes important in the field of an industrial application. Wiring is high in installation and maintenance cost. Therefore, a possibility of replacing a cable with reconstructible wireless links is an attractive opportunity in many industrial fields. However, in order to achieve this replacement, it is necessary for wireless connection to be established with latency, reliability, and capacity similar to those of the cable and management of wireless connection needs to be simplified. Low latency and a very low error probability are new requirements when connection to 5G is needed.

Logistics and freight tracking are important use cases for mobile communication that enables inventory and package tracking anywhere using a location-based information system. The use cases of logistics and freight typically demand low data rate but require location information with a wide range and reliability.

Referring to FIG. 1, the communication system 1 includes wireless devices, base stations (BSs), and a network. Although FIG. 1 illustrates a 5G network as an example of the network of the communication system 1, the implementations of the present disclosure are not limited to the 5G system, and can be applied to the future communication system beyond the 5G system.

The BSs and the network may be implemented as wireless devices and a specific wireless device 200 a may operate as a BS/network node with respect to other wireless devices.

The wireless devices represent devices performing communication using radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G New RAT (NR)) or Long-Term Evolution (LTE)) and may be referred to as communication/radio/5G devices. The wireless devices may include, without being limited to, a robot 100 a, vehicles 100 b-1 and 100 b-2, an eXtended Reality (XR) device 100 c, a hand-held device 00 d, a home appliance 100 e, an Internet of Things (IoT) device 100 f, and an Artificial Intelligence (AI) device/server 400. For example, the vehicles may include a vehicle having a wireless communication function, an autonomous driving vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing communication between vehicles. The vehicles may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR)/Virtual Reality (VR)/Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) mounted in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance device, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The hand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or a smartglasses), and a computer (e.g., a notebook). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, and a washing machine. The IoT device may include a sensor and a smartmeter.

In the present disclosure, the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may be called user equipments (UEs). A user equipment (UE) may include, for example, a cellular phone, a smartphone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcast terminal, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation system, a slate personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a vehicle, a vehicle having an autonomous traveling function, a connected car, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), an artificial intelligence (AI) module, a robot, an augmented reality (AR) device, a virtual reality (VR) device, a mixed reality (MR) device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a FinTech device (or a financial device), a security device, a weather/environment device, a device related to a 5G service, or a device related to a fourth industrial revolution field. The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) may be, for example, an aircraft aviated by a wireless control signal without a human being onboard. The VR device may include, for example, a device for implementing an objector a background of the virtual world. The AR device may include, for example, a device implemented by connecting an object or a background of the virtual world to an object or a background of the real world. The MR device may include, for example, a device implemented by merging an object or a background of the virtual world into an object or a background of the real world. The hologram device may include, for example, a device for implementing a stereoscopic image of 360 degrees by recording and reproducing stereoscopic information, using an interference phenomenon of light generated when two laser lights called holography meet. The public safety device may include, for example, an image relay device or an image device that is wearable on the body of a user. The MTC device and the IoT device may be, for example, devices that do not require direct human intervention or manipulation. For example, the MTC device and the IoT device may include smartmeters, vending machines, thermometers, smartbulbs, door locks, or various sensors. The medical device may be, for example, a device used for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, relieving, curing, or preventing disease. For example, the medical device may be a device used for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, relieving, or correcting injury or impairment. For example, the medical device may be a device used for the purpose of inspecting, replacing, or modifying a structure or a function. For example, the medical device may be a device used for the purpose of adjusting pregnancy. For example, the medical device may include a device for treatment, a device for operation, a device for (invitro) diagnosis, a hearing aid, or a device for procedure. The security device may be, for example, a device installed to prevent a danger that may arise and to maintain safety. For example, the security device may be a camera, a CCTV, a recorder, or a black box. The FinTech device may be, for example, a device capable of providing a financial service such as mobile payment. For example, the FinTech device may include a payment device or a point of sales (POS) system. The weather/environment device may include, for example, a device for monitoring or predicting a weather/environment.

The wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may be connected to the network 300 via the BSs 200. An AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f and the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may be connected to the AI server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, and a beyond-5G network. Although the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may communicate with each other through the BSs 200/network 300, the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may perform direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) with each other without passing through the BSs/network. For example, the vehicles 100 b-1 and 100 b-2 may perform direct communication (e.g. Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V)/Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). The IoT device (e.g., a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100 a to 100 f.

Wireless communication/connections 150 a and 150 b may be established between the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f/BS 200-BS 200. Herein, the wireless communication/connections may be established through various RATs (e.g., 5GNR) such as uplink/downlink communication 150 a and sidelink communication 150 b (or D2D communication). The wireless devices and the BSs/the wireless devices may transmit/receive radio signals to/from each other through the wireless communication/connections 150 a and 150 b. For example, the wireless communication/connections 150 a and 150 b may transmit/receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least a part of various configuration information configuring processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, and resource mapping/demapping), and resource allocating processes, for transmitting/receiving radio signals, may be performed based on the various proposals of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating examples of communication devices which can perform a method according to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 2, a first wireless device 100 and a second wireless device 200 may transmit/receive radio signals to/from an external device through a variety of RATs (e.g., LTE and NR). In FIG. 2, {the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200} may correspond to {the wireless device 100 a to 100 f and the BS 200} and/or {the wireless device 100 a to 100 f and the wireless device 100 a to 100 f} of FIG. 1.

The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104 and additionally further include one or more transceivers 106 and/or one or more antennas 108. The processor(s) 102 may control the memory(s) 104 and/or the transceiver(s) 106 and may be configured to implement the functions, procedures, and/or methods described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor(s) 102 may process information within the memory(s) 104 to generate first information/signals and then transmit radio signals including the first information/signals through the transceiver(s) 106. The processor(s) 102 may receive radio signals including second information/signals through the transceiver 106 and then store information obtained by processing the second information/signals in the memory(s) 104. The memory(s) 104 may be connected to the processor(s) 102 and may store a variety of information related to operations of the processor(s) 102. For example, the memory(s) 104 may store software code including commands for performing a part or the entirety of processes controlled by the processor(s) 102 or for performing the procedures and/or methods described in the present disclosure. Herein, the processor(s) 102 and the memory(s) 104 may be a part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver(s) 106 maybe connected to the processor(s) 102 and transmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 108. Each of the transceiver(s) 106 may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver(s) 106 may be interchangeably used with radio frequency (RF) unit(s). In the present invention, the wireless device may represent a communication modem/circuit/chip.

The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204 and additionally further include one or more transceivers 206 and/or one or more antennas 208. The processor(s) 202 may control the memory(s) 204 and/or the transceiver(s) 206 and may be configured to implement the functions, procedures, and/or methods described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor(s) 202 may process information within the memory(s) 204 to generate third information/signals and then transmit radio signals including the third information/signals through the transceiver(s) 206. The processor(s) 202 may receive radio signals including fourth information/signals through the transceiver(s) 106 and then store information obtained by processing the fourth information/signals in the memory(s) 204. The memory(s) 204 may be connected to the processor(s) 202 and may store a variety of information related to operations of the processor(s) 202. For example, the memory(s) 204 may store software code including commands for performing a part or the entirety of processes controlled by the processor(s) 202 or for performing the procedures and/or methods described in the present disclosure. Herein, the processor(s) 202 and the memory(s) 204 may be a part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver(s) 206 may be connected to the processor(s) 202 and transmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 208. Each of the transceiver(s) 206 may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver(s) 206 may be interchangeably used with RF unit(s). In the present invention, the wireless device may represent a communication modem/circuit/chip.

Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described more specifically. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by, without being limited to, one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and/or one or more Service Data Unit (SDUs) according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and/or methods disclosed in the present disclosure. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and/or methods disclosed in the present disclosure. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and/or methods disclosed in the present disclosure and provide the generated signals to the one or more transceivers 106 and 206. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may receive the signals (e.g., baseband signals) from the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and acquire the PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and/or methods disclosed in the present disclosure.

The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one or more processors 102 and 202. The functions, procedures, proposals, and/or methods disclosed in the present disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software and the firmware or software may be configured to include the modules, procedures, or functions. Firmware or software configured to perform the functions, procedures, proposals, and/or methods disclosed in the present disclosure may be included in the one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in the one or more memories 104 and 204 so as to be driven by the one or more processors 102 and 202. The functions, procedures, proposals, and/or methods disclosed in the present disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, commands, and/or a set of commands.

The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and/or commands. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured by Read-Only Memories (ROMs), Random Access Memories (RAMs), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memories (EPROMs), flash memories, hard drives, registers, cash memories, computer-readable storage media, and/or combinations thereof. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be located at the interior and/or exterior of the one or more processors 102 and 202. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 through various technologies such as wired or wireless connection.

The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the methods and/or operational flowcharts of the present disclosure, to one or more other devices. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, from one or more other devices. For example, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit and receive radio signals. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to the one or more antennas 108 and 208 and the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, through the one or more antennas 108 and 208. In the present disclosure, the one or more antennas may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received radio signals/channels etc. from RF band signals into baseband signals in order to process received user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. using the one or more processors 102 and 202. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert the user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. processed using the one or more processors 102 and 202 from the base band signals into the RF band signals. To this end, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and/or filters. For example, the transceivers 106 and 206 can up-convert OFDM baseband signals to a carrier frequency by their (analog) oscillators and/or filters under the control of the processors 102 and 202 and transmit the up-converted OFDM signals at the carrier frequency. The transceivers 106 and 206 may receive OFDM signals at a carrier frequency and down-convert the OFDM signals into OFDM baseband signals by their (analog) oscillators and/or filters under the control of the transceivers 102 and 202.

In the implementations of the present disclosure, a UE may operate as a transmitting device in uplink (UL) and as a receiving device in downlink (DL). In the implementations of the present disclosure, a BS may operate as a receiving device in UL and as a transmitting device in DL. Hereinafter, for convenience of description, it is mainly assumed that the first wireless device 100 acts as the UE, and the second wireless device 200 acts as the BS, unless otherwise mentioned or described. For example, the processor(s) 102 connected to, mounted on or launched in the first wireless device 100 may be configured to perform the UE behaviour according to an implementation of the present disclosure or control the transceiver(s) 106 to perform the UE behaviour according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The processor(s) 202 connected to, mounted on or launched in the second wireless device 200 may be configured to perform the BS behaviour according to an implementation of the present disclosure or control the transceiver(s) 206 to perform the BS behaviour according to an implementation of the present disclosure.

In the present disclosure, at least one memory (e.g. 104 or 204) may store instructions or programs that, when executed, cause at least one processor, which is operably connected thereto, to perform operations according to some embodiments or implementations of the present disclosure.

In the present disclosure, a computer readable storage medium stores at least one instructions or computer programs that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations according to some embodiments or implementations of the present disclosure.

In the present disclosure, a processing device or apparatus may comprise at least one processor, and at least one computer memory connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations according to some embodiments or implementations of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates another example of a wireless device which can perform implementations of the present invention. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms according to a use-case/service (refer to FIG. 1).

Referring to FIG. 3, wireless devices 100 and 200 may correspond to the wireless devices 100 and 200 of FIG. 2 and may be configured by various elements, components, units/portions, and/or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices 100 and 200 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, and additional components 140. The communication unit may include a communication circuit 112 and transceiver(s) 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include the one or more processors 102 and 202 of FIG. 2 and/or the one or more memories 104 and 204 of FIG. 2. For example, the transceiver(s) 114 may include the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 of FIG. 2 and/or the one or more antennas 108 and 208 of FIG. 2. The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory 130, and the additional components 140 and controls overall operation of the wireless devices. For example, the control unit 120 may control an electric/mechanical operation of the wireless device based on programs/code/commands/information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 may transmit the information stored in the memory unit 130 to the exterior (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless/wired interface or store, in the memory unit 130, information received through the wireless/wired interface from the exterior (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit 110.

The additional components 140 may be variously configured according to types of wireless devices. For example, the additional components 140 may include at least one of a power unit/battery, input/output (I/O) unit (e.g. audio I/O port, video I/O port), a driving unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device may be implemented in the form of, without being limited to, the robot (100 a of FIG. 1), the vehicles (100 b-1 and 100 b-2 of FIG. 1), the XR device (100 c of FIG. 1), the hand-held device (100 d of FIG. 1), the home appliance (100 e of FIG. 1), the IoT device (100 f of FIG. 1), a digital broadcast terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medicine device, a Fintech device (or a finance device), a security device, a climate/environment device, the AI server/device (400 of FIG. 1), the BSs (200 of FIG. 1), a network node, etc. The wireless device may be used in a mobile or fixed place according to a use-example/service.

In FIG. 3, the entirety of the various elements, components, units/portions, and/or modules in the wireless devices 100 and 200 may be connected to each other through a wired interface or at least a part thereof may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. For example, in each of the wireless devices 100 and 200, the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 may be connected by wire and the control unit 120 and first units (e.g., 130 and 140) may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. Each element, component, unit/portion, and/or module within the wireless devices 100 and 200 may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 may be configured by a set of one or more processors. As an example, the control unit 120 may be configured by a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphical processing unit, and a memory control processor. As another example, the memory 130 may be configured by a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read only memory (ROM)), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and/or a combination thereof.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of protocol stacks in a 3GPP based wireless communication system.

In particular, FIG. 4(a) illustrates an example of a radio interface user plane protocol stack between a UE and a base station (B S) and FIG. 4(b) illustrates an example of a radio interface control plane protocol stack between a UE and a BS. The control plane refers to a path through which control messages used to manage call by a UE and a network are transported. The user plane refers to a path through which data generated in an application layer, for example, voice data or Internet packet data are transported. Referring to FIG. 4(a), the user plane protocol stack may be divided into a first layer (Layer 1) (i.e., a physical (PHY) layer) and a second layer (Layer 2). Referring to FIG. 4(b), the control plane protocol stack may be divided into Layer 1 (i.e., a PHY layer), Layer 2, Layer 3 (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), and a non-access stratum (NAS) layer. Layer 1, Layer 2 and Layer 3 are referred to as an access stratum (AS). [99] The NAS control protocol is terminated in an access management function (AMF) on the network side, and performs functions such as authentication, mobility management, security control and etc.

In the 3GPP LTE system, the layer 2 is split into the following sublayers: medium access control (MAC), radio link control (RLC), and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP). In the 3GPP New Radio (NR) system, the layer 2 is split into the following sublayers: MAC, RLC, PDCP and SDAP. The PHY layer offers to the MAC sublayer transport channels, the MAC sublayer offers to the RLC sublayer logical channels, the RLC sublayer offers to the PDCP sublayer RLC channels, the PDCP sublayer offers to the SDAP sublayer radio bearers. The SDAP sublayer offers to 5G Core Network quality of service (QoS) flows.

In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of SDAP include: mapping between a QoS flow and a data radio bearer; marking QoS flow ID (QFI) in both DL and UL packets. A single protocol entity of SDAP is configured for each individual PDU session.

In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of the RRC sublayer include: broadcast of system information related to AS and NAS; paging initiated by 5G core (5GC) or NG-RAN; establishment, maintenance and release of an RRC connection between the UE and NG-RAN; security functions including key management; establishment, configuration, maintenance and release of signalling radio bearers (SRBs) and data radio bearers (DRBs); mobility functions (including: handover and context transfer; UE cell selection and reselection and control of cell selection and reselection; Inter-RAT mobility); QoS management functions; UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting; detection of and recovery from radio link failure; NAS message transfer to/from NAS from/to UE.

In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of the PDCP sublayer for the user plane include: sequence numbering; header compression and decompression: ROHC only; transfer of user data; reordering and duplicate detection; in-order delivery; PDCP PDU routing (in case of split bearers); retransmission of PD CP SDUs; ciphering, deciphering and integrity protection; PDCP SDU discard; PDCP re-establishment and data recovery for RLC AM; PDCP status reporting for RLC AM; duplication of PDCP PDUs and duplicate discard indication to lower layers. The main services and functions of the PDCP sublayer for the control plane include: sequence numbering; ciphering, deciphering and integrity protection; transfer of control plane data; reordering and duplicate detection; in-order delivery; duplication of PDCP PDUs and duplicate discard indication to lower layers.

The RLC sublayer supports three transmission modes: Transparent Mode (TM); Un-acknowledged Mode (UM); and Acknowledged Mode (AM). The RLC configuration is per logical channel with no dependency on numerologies and/or transmission durations. In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of the RLC sublayer depend on the transmission mode and include: Transfer of upper layer PDUs; sequence numbering independent of the one in PDCP (UM and AM); error correction through ARQ (AM only); segmentation (AM and UM) and re-segmentation (AM only) of RLC SDUs; reassembly of SDU (AM and UM); duplicate detection (AM only); RLC SDU discard (AM and UM); RLC re-establishment; protocol error detection (AM only).

In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of the MAC sublayer include: mapping between logical channels and transport channels; multiplexing/de-multiplexing of MAC SDUs belonging to one or different logical channels into/from transport blocks (TB) delivered to/from the physical layer on transport channels; scheduling information reporting; error correction through HARQ (one HARQ entity per cell in case of carrier aggregation (CA)); priority handling between UEs by means of dynamic scheduling; priority handling between logical channels of one UE by means of logical channel prioritization; padding. A single MAC entity may support multiple numerologies, transmission timings and cells. Mapping restrictions in logical channel prioritization control which numerology(ies), cell(s), and transmission timing(s) a logical channel can use. Different kinds of data transfer services are offered by MAC. To accommodate different kinds of data transfer services, multiple types of logical channels are defined i.e. each supporting transfer of a particular type of information. Each logical channel type is defined by what type of information is transferred. Logical channels are classified into two groups: Control Channels and Traffic Channels. Control channels are used for the transfer of control plane information only, and traffic channels are used for the transfer of user plane information only. Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) is a downlink logical channel for broadcasting system control information, paging Control Channel (PCCH) is a downlink logical channel that transfers paging information, system information change notifications and indications of ongoing PWS broadcasts, Common Control Channel (CCCH) is a logical channel for transmitting control information between UEs and network and used for UEs having no RRC connection with the network, and Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH) is a point-to-point bi-directional logical channel that transmits dedicated control information between a UE and the network and used by UEs having an RRC connection. Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH) is a point-to-point logical channel, dedicated to one UE, for the transfer of user information. A DTCH can exist in both uplink and downlink. In Downlink, the following connections between logical channels and transport channels exist: BC CH can be mapped to BCH; BC CH can be mapped to downlink shared channel (DL-SCH); PCCH can be mapped to PCH; CCCH can be mapped to DL-SCH; DCCH can be mapped to DL-SCH; and DTCH can be mapped to DL-SCH. In Uplink, the following connections between logical channels and transport channels exist: CCCH can be mapped to uplink shared channel (UL-SCH); DCCH can be mapped to UL-SCH; and DTCH can be mapped to UL-SCH.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a frame structure in a 3GPP based wireless communication system.

The frame structure illustrated in FIG. 5 is purely exemplary and the number of subframes, the number of slots, and/or the number of symbols in a frame may be variously changed. In the 3GPP based wireless communication system, OFDM numerologies (e.g., subcarrier spacing (SCS), transmission time interval (TTI) duration) may be differently configured between a plurality of cells aggregated for one UE. For example, if a UE is configured with different SCSs for cells aggregated for the cell, an (absolute time) duration of a time resource (e.g. a subframe, a slot, or a TTI) including the same number of symbols may be different among the aggregated cells. Herein, symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA symbols (or discrete Fourier transform-spread-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols).

Referring to FIG. 5, downlink and uplink transmissions are organized into frames. Each frame has T_(f)=10 ms duration. Each frame is divided into two half-frames, where each of the half-frames has 5 ms duration. Each half-frame consists of 5 subframes, where the duration T_(sf) per subframe is 1 ms. Each subframe is divided into slots and the number of slots in a subframe depends on a subcarrier spacing. Each slot includes 14 or 12 OFDM symbols based on a cyclic prefix (CP). In a normal CP, each slot includes 14 OFDM symbols and, in an extended CP, each slot includes 12 OFDM symbols. The numerology is based on exponentially scalable subcarrier spacing Δf=2^(u)*15 kHz. The following table shows the number of OFDM symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per for the normal CP, according to the subcarrier spacing Δf=2^(u)*15 kHz.

TABLE 1 u N^(slot) _(symb) N^(frame, u) _(slot) N^(subframe, u) _(slot) 0 14 10 1 1 14 20 2 2 14 40 4 3 14 80 8 4 14 160 16

The following table shows the number of OFDM symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per for the extended CP, according to the subcarrier spacing Δf=2^(u)*15 kHz.

TABLE 2 u N^(slot) _(symb) N^(frame, u) _(slot) N^(subframe, u) _(slot) 2 12 40 4

A slot includes plural symbols (e.g., 14 or 12 symbols) in the time domain. For each numerology (e.g. subcarrier spacing) and carrier, a resource grid of N^(size,u) _(grid,x)*N^(RB) _(sc) subcarriers and N^(subframe,u) _(symb) OFDM symbols is defined, starting at common resource block (CRB) N^(start,u) _(grid) indicated by higher-layer signaling (e.g. radio resource control (RRC) signaling), where N ^(size,u) _(grid,x) is the number of resource blocks in the resource grid and the subscript x is DL for downlink and UL for uplink. N^(RB) _(sc) is the number of subcarriers per resource blocks. In the 3GPP based wireless communication system, N^(RB) _(sc) is 12 generally. There is one resource grid for a given antenna port p, subcarrier spacing configuration u, and transmission direction (DL or UL). The carrier bandwidth N^(size,u) _(grid) for subcarrier spacing configuration u is given by the higher-layer parameter (e.g. RRC parameter). Each element in the resource grid for the antenna port p and the subcarrier spacing configuration u is referred to as a resource element (RE) and one complex symbol may be mapped to each RE. Each RE in the resource grid is uniquely identified by an index kin the frequency domain and an index 1 representing a symbol location relative to a reference point in the time domain. In the 3GPP based wireless communication system, a resource block is defined by 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain.

In the 3GPP NR system, resource blocks are classified into CRBs and physical resource blocks (PRBs). CRBs are numbered from 0 and upwards in the frequency domain for subcarrier spacing configuration u. The center of subcarrier 0 of CRB 0 for subcarrier spacing configuration u coincides with ‘point A’ which serves as a common reference point for resource block grids. In the 3GPPNR system, PRBs are defined within a bandwidth part (BWP) and numbered from 0 to N^(sizeBPW,i)-1, where i is the number of the bandwidth part. The relation between the physical resource block n_(PRB) in the bandwidth part i and the common resource block n_(CRB) is as follows: n_(PRB)=n_(CRB)+N^(size) _(BPW,i), where N ^(size) _(BWP,i) is the common resource block where bandwidth part starts relative to CRB0. The BWP includes a plurality of consecutive resource blocks. A carrier may include a maximum of N (e.g., 5) BWPs. A UE may be configured with one or more BWPs on a given component carrier. Only one BWP among BWPs configured to the UE can active at a time. The active BWP defines the UE's operating bandwidth within the cell's operating bandwidth.

NR frequency bands are defined as 2 types of frequency range, FR1 and FR2. FR2 is may also called millimeter wave (mmW). The frequency ranges in which NR can operate are identified as described in Table 3.

TABLE 3 Frequency Range Corresponding designation frequency range Subcarrier Spacing FR1  450 MHz-7125 MHz 15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24250 MHz-52600 MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz

FIG. 6 illustrates a data flow example in the 3GPP NR system.

In FIG. 6, “RB” denotes a radio bearer, and “H” denotes a header. Radio bearers are categorized into two groups: data radio bearers (DRB) for user plane data and signalling radio bearers (SRB) for control plane data. The MACPDU is transmitted/received using radio resources through the PHY layer to/from an external device. The MACPDU arrives to the PHY layer in the form of a transport block.

In the PHY layer, the uplink transport channels UL-SCH and RACH are mapped to physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) and physical random access channel (PRACH), respectively, and the downlink transport channels DL-SCH, BCH and PCH are mapped to physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), physical broad cast channel (PBCH) and PDSCH, respectively. In the PHY layer, uplink control information (UCI) is mapped to PUC CH, and downlink control information (DCI) is mapped to PDCCH. A MAC PDU related to UL-SCH is transmitted by a UE via a PUSCH based on an UL grant, and a MAC PDU related to DL-SCH is transmitted by a BS via a PDSCH based on a DL assignment.

In order to transmit data unit(s) of the present disclosure on UL-SCH, a UE shall have uplink resources available to the UE. In order to receive data unit(s) of the present disclosure on DL-SCH, a UE shall have downlink resources available to the UE. The resource allocation includes time domain resource allocation and frequency domain resource allocation. In the present disclosure, uplink resource allocation is also referred to as uplink grant, and downlink resource allocation is also referred to as downlink assignment. An uplink grant is either received by the UE dynamically on PDCCH, in a Random Access Response, or configured to the UE semi-persistently by RRC. Downlink assignment is either received by the UE dynamically on the PDCCH, or configured to the UE semi-persistently by RRC signaling from the BS.

In UL, the BS can dynamically allocate resources to UEs via the Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI) on PDCCH (s). A UE always monitors the PDCCH(s) in order to find possible grants for uplink transmission when its downlink reception is enabled (activity governed by discontinuous reception (DRX) when configured). In addition, with Configured Grants, the BS can allocate uplink resources for the initial HARQ transmissions to UEs. Two types of configured uplink grants are defined: Type 1 and Type 2. With Type 1, RRC directly provides the configured uplink grant (including the periodicity). With Type 2, RRC defines the periodicity of the configured uplink grant while PDCCH addressed to Configured Scheduling RNTI (C S-RNTI) can either signal and activate the configured uplink grant, or deactivate it; i.e. a PDCCH addressed to CS-RNTI indicates that the uplink grant can be implicitly reused according to the periodicity defined by RRC, until deactivated.

In DL, the BS can dynamically allocate resources to UEs via the C-RNTI on PDCCH (s). A UE always monitors the PDCCH (s) in order to find possible assignments when its downlink reception is enabled (activity governed by DRX when configured). In addition, with Semi-Persistent Scheduling (SPS), the BS can allocate downlink resources for the initial HARQ transmissions to UEs: RRC defines the periodicity of the configured downlink assignments while PDCCH addressed to CS-RNTI can either signal and activate the configured downlink assignment, or deactivate it. In other words, a PDCCH addressed to CS-RNTI indicates that the downlink assignment can be implicitly reused according to the periodicity defined by RRC, until deactivated.

<Resource Allocation by PDCCH (i.e. Resource Allocation by DCI)>

PDCCH can be used to schedule DL transmissions on PD SCH and UL transmissions on PUSCH, where the downlink control information (DCI) on PDCCH includes: downlink assignments containing at least modulation and coding format (e.g., modulation and coding scheme (MCS) index IMCS), resource allocation, and hybrid-ARQ information related to DL-SCH; or uplink scheduling grants containing at least modulation and coding format, resource allocation, and hybrid-ARQ information related to UL-SCH. The size and usage of the DCI carried by one PDCCH are varied depending on DCI formats. For example, in the 3GPP NR system, DCI format 0_0 or DCI format 0_1 is used for scheduling of PUSCH in one cell, and DCI format 1_0 or DCI format 1_1 is used for scheduling of PDCCH in one cell.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of PDSCH time domain resource allocation by PDCCH, and an example of PUSCH time resource allocation by PDCCH.

Downlink control information (DCI) carried by a PDCCH for scheduling PDSCH or PUSCH includes a value m for a row index m+1 to an allocation table for PDSCH or PUSCH. Either a predefined default PDSCH time domain allocation A, B or C is applied as the allocation table for PDSCH, or RRC configured pdsch-TimeDomainAllocationList is applied as the allocation table for PDSCH. Either a predefined default PUSCH time domain allocation A is applied as the allocation table for PUSCH, or the RRC configured pusch-TimeDomainAllocationList is applied as the allocation table for PUSCH. Which PDSCH time domain resource allocation configuration to apply and which PUSCH time domain resource allocation table to apply are determined according to a fixed/predefined rule (e.g. Table 5.1.2.1.1-1 in 3GPP TS 38.214v15.3.0, Table 6.1.2.1.1-1 in 3GPP TS 38.214v15.3.0).

Each indexed row in PDSCH time domain allocation configurations defines the slot offset K0, the start and length indicator SLIV, or directly the start symbol S and the allocation length L, and the PDSCH mapping type to be assumed in the PDSCH reception. Each indexed row in PUSCH time domain allocation configurations defines the slot offset K2, the start and length indicator SLIV, or directly the start symbol S and the allocation length L, and the PUSCH mapping type to be assumed in the PUSCH reception. K0 for PDSCH, or K2 for PUSCH is the timing difference between a slot with a PDCCH and a slot with PDSCH or PUSCH corresponding to the PDCCH. SLIV is a joint indication of starting symbol S relative to the start of the slot with PDSCH or PUSCH, and the number L of consecutive symbols counting from the symbol S. For PDSCH/PUSCH mapping type, there are two mapping types: one is Mapping Type A where demodulation reference signal (DMRS) is positioned in 3rd or 4th symbol of a slot depending on the RRC signaling, and other one is Mapping Type B where DMRS is positioned in the first allocated symbol.

The scheduling DCI includes the Frequency domain resource assignment field which provides assignment information on resource blocks used for PDSCH or PUSCH. For example, the Frequency domain resource assignment field may provide a UE with information on a cell for PDSCH or PUSCH transmission, information on a bandwidth part for PDSCH or PUSCH transmission, information on resource blocks for PDSCH or PUSCH transmission.

<Resource Allocation by RRC>

As mentioned above, in uplink, there are two types of transmission without dynamic grant: configured grant Type 1 where an uplink grant is provided by RRC, and stored as configured grant; and configured grant Type 2 where an uplink grant is provided by PDCCH, and stored or cleared as configured uplink grant based on L1 signaling indicating configured uplink grant activation or deactivation. Type 1 and Type 2 are configured by RRC per serving cell and per BWP. Multiple configurations can be active simultaneously only on different serving cells. For Type 2, activation and deactivation are independent among the serving cells. For the same serving cell, the MAC entity is configured with either Type 1 or Type 2.

A UE is provided with at least the following parameters via RRC signaling from a BS when the configured grant type 1 is configured:

-   -   cs-RNTI which is CS-RNTI for retransmission;     -   periodicity which provides periodicity of the configured grant         Type 1;     -   timeDomainOffset which represents offset of a resource with         respect to SFN=0 in time domain;     -   timeDomainAllocation value m which provides a row index m+1         pointing to an allocation table, indicating a combination of a         start symbol S and length L and PU SCH mapping type;     -   frequencyDomainAllocation which provides frequency domain         resource allocation; and     -   mcsAndTBS which provides IMCS representing the modulation order,         target code rate and transport block size. Upon configuration of         a configured grant Type 1 for a serving cell by RRC, the UE         stores the uplink grant provided by RRC as a configured uplink         grant for the indicated serving cell, and initialise or         re-initialise the configured uplink grant to start in the symbol         according to timeDomainOffset and S (derived from SLIV), and to         reoccur with periodicity. After an uplink grant is configured         for a configured grant Type 1, the UE considers that the uplink         grant recurs associated with each symbol for which:         [(SFN*numberOfSlotsPerFrame (numberOfSymbolsPerSlot)+(slot         number in the frame x numberOfSymbolsPerSlot)+symbol number in         the         slot]=(timeDomainOffset*numberOfSymbolsPerSlot+S+N*periodicity)         modulo (1024*numberOfSlotsPerFrame*numberOfSymbolsPerSlot), for         all N>=0.

A UE is provided with at least the following parameters via RRC signaling from a BS when the configured gran Type 2 is configured:

-   -   cs-RNTI which is CS-RNTI for activation, deactivation, and         retransmission; and     -   periodicity which provides periodicity of the configured grant         Type 2. The actual uplink grant is provided to the UE by the         PDCCH (addressed to CS-RNTI). After an uplink grant is         configured for a configured grant Type 2, the UE considers that         the uplink grant recurs associated with each symbol for which:         [(SFN*numberOfS-lotsPerFrame*numberOfSymbolsPerSlot)+(slot         number in the frame*number Of-SymbolsPerSlot)+symbol number in         the         slot]=[(SFNstarttime*numberOfS-lotsPerFrame*numberOfSymbolsPerSlot+slotstart         time*numberOfSymbolsPerSlot+symbol_(starttime))+N*periodicity]         modulo (1024×numberOfSlotsPerFrame*numberOfSymbolsPerSlot), for         all N>=0, where SFN_(starttime), slot_(starttime), and         symbol_(starttime) are the SFN, slot, and symbol, respectively,         of the first transmission opportunity of PUSCH where the         configured uplink grant was (re-)initialised.         numberOfS-lotsPerFrame and numberOfSymbolsPerSlot refer to the         number of consecutive slots per frame and the number of         consecutive OFDM symbols per slot, respectively.

For configured uplink grants, the HARQ Process ID associated with the first symbol of a UL transmission is derived from the following equation:

HARQ Process ID=[floor(CURRENT_symbol/periodicity)]modulo nrofHARQ-Processes

where CURRENT_symbol=(SFN×numberOfSlotsPerFrame×numberOfSymbolsPerSlot+slot number in the frame×numberOfSymbolsPerSlot+symbol number in the slot), and numberOfSlotsPerFrame and numberOfSymbolsPerSlot refer to the number of consecutive slots per frame and the number of consecutive symbols per slot, respectively as specified in TS 38.211. CURRENT_symbol refers to the symbol index of the first transmission occasion of a repetition bundle that takes place. A HARQ process is configured for a configured uplink grant if the configured uplink grant is activated and the associated HARQ process ID is less than nrofHARQ-Processes.

For downlink, a UE may be configured with semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) per serving cell and per BWP by RRC signaling from a BS. Multiple configurations can be active simultaneously only on different serving cells. Activation and deactivation of the DLSPS are independent among the serving cells. For DLSPS, a DL assignment is provided to the UE by PDCCH, and stored or cleared based on L1 signaling indicating SPS activation or deactivation. A UE is provided with the following parameters via RRC signaling from a BS when SPS is configured:

-   -   cs-RNTI which is CS-RNTI for activation, deactivation, and         retransmission;     -   nrofHARQ-Processes: which provides the number of configured HARQ         processes for SPS;     -   periodicity which provides periodicity of configured downlink         assignment for SPS.

When SPS is released by upper layers, all the corresponding configurations shall be released.

After a downlink assignment is configured for SPS, the UE considers sequentially that the N^(th) downlink assignment occurs in the slot for which: (numberOfSlotsPerFrame*SFN+slot number in the frame)=[(numberOfSlotsPerFrame*SFN_(starttime)+Slot_(starttime))+N*periodicity*numberOfSlotsPerFrame/10] modulo (1024*numberOfSlotsPerFrame), where SFN_(starttime) and slot_(starttime) are the SFN and slot, respectively, of the first transmission of PDSCH where the configured downlink assignment was (re-)initialised.

For configured downlink assignments, the HARQ Process ID associated with the slot where the DL transmission starts is derived from the following equation:

HARQ Process ID=[floor (CURRENT_slot×10/(numberOfSlotsPerFrame×periodicity))] modulo nrofHARQ-Processes

where CURRENT_slot=[(SFN×numberOfSlotsPerFrame)+slot number in the frame] and numberOfSlotsPerFrame refers to the number of consecutive slots per frame as specified in TS 38.211.

A UE validates, for scheduling activation or scheduling release, a DL SPS assignment PDCCH or configured UL grant type 2 PDCCH if the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of a corresponding DCI format is scrambled with CS-RNTI provided by the RRC parameter cs-RNTI and the new data indicator field for the enabled transport block is set to 0. Validation of the DCI format is achieved if all fields for the DCI format are set according to Table 4 or Table 5. Table 4 shows special fields for DL SPS and UL grant Type 2 scheduling activation PDCCH validation, and Table 5 shows special fields for DL SPS and UL grant Type 2 scheduling release PDCCH validation.

TABLE 4 DCI format 0_0/0_1 DCI format 1_0 DCI format 1_1 HARQ process number set to all ‘0’s set to all ‘0’s set to all ‘0’s Redundancy version set to ‘00’ set to ‘00’ For the enabled transport block: set to ‘00’

TABLE 5 DCI format 0_0 DCI format 1_0 HARQ process number set to all ‘0’s set to all ‘0’s Redundancy version set to ‘00’ set to ‘00’ Modulation and coding scheme set to all ‘1’s set to all ‘1’s Resource block set to all ‘1’s set to all ‘1’s assignment

Actual DL assignment and actual UL grant, and the corresponding modulation and coding scheme are provided by the resource assignment fields (e.g. time domain resource assignment field which provides Time domain resource assignment value m, frequency domain resource assignment field which provides the frequency resource block allocation, modulation and coding scheme field) in the DCI format carried by the DLSPS and UL grant Type 2 scheduling activation PDCCH. If validation is achieved, the UE considers the information in the DCI format as valid activation or valid release of DLSPS or configured UL grant Type 2.

For UL, the processor(s) 102 of the present disclosure may transmit (or control the transceiver(s) 106 to transmit) the data unit of the present disclosure based on the UL grant available to the UE. The processor(s) 202 of the present disclosure may receive (or control the transceiver(s) 206 to receive) the data unit of the present disclosure based on the UL grant available to the UE.

For DL, the processor(s) 102 of the present disclosure may receive (or control the transceiver(s) 106 to receive) DL data of the present disclosure based on the DL assignment available to the UE. The processor(s) 202 of the present disclosure may transmit (or control the transceiver(s) 206 to transmit) DL data of the present disclosure based on the DL assignment available to the UE.

The data unit(s) of the present disclosure is(are) subject to the physical layer processing at a transmitting side before transmission via radio interface, and the radio signals carrying the data unit(s) of the present disclosure are subject to the physical layer processing at a receiving side. For example, a MAC PDU including the PDCP PDU according to the present disclosure may be subject to the physical layer processing as follows.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of physical layer processing at a transmitting side.

The following tables show the mapping of the transport channels (TrCHs) and control information to its corresponding physical channels. In particular, Table 6 specifies the mapping of the uplink transport channels to their corresponding physical channels, Table 7 specifies the mapping of the uplink control channel information to its corresponding physical channel, Table 8 specifies the mapping of the downlink transport channels to their corresponding physical channels, and Table 9 specifies the mapping of the downlink control channel information to its corresponding physical channel.

TABLE 6 TrCH Physical Channel UL-SCH PUSCH RACH PRACH

TABLE 7 Control information Physical Channel UCI PUCCH, PUSCH

TABLE 8 TrCH Physical Channel DL-SCH PDSCH BCH PBCH PCH PDSCH

TABLE 9 Control information Physical Channel DCI PDCCH

<Encoding>

Data and control streams from/to MAC layer are encoded to offer transport and control services over the radio transmission link in the PHY layer. For example, a transport block from MAC layer is encoded into a codeword at a transmitting side. Channel coding scheme is a combination of error detection, error correcting, rate matching, interleaving and transport channel or control information mapping onto/splitting from physical channels.

In the 3GPP NR system, following channel coding schemes are used for the different types of TrCH and the different control information types.

TABLE 10 TrCH Coding scheme UL-SCH LDPC DL-SCH PCH BCH Polar code

TABLE 11 Control Information Coding scheme DCI Polar code UCI Block code Polar code

For transmission of a DL transport block (i.e. a DL MAC PDU) or a UL transport block (i.e. a UL MAC PDU), a transport block CRC sequence is attached to provide error detection for a receiving side. In the 3GPP NR system, the communication device uses low density parity check (LDPC) codes in encoding/decoding UL-SCH and DL-SCH. The 3GPP NR system supports two LDPC base graphs (i.e. two LDPC base matrixes): LDPC base graph 1 optimized for small transport blocks and LDPC base graph 2 for larger transport blocks. Either LDPC base graph 1 or 2 is selected based on the size of the transport block and coding rate R. The coding rate R is indicated by the modulation coding scheme (MCS) index IMCS. The MCS index is dynamically provided to a UE by PDCCH scheduling PUSCH or PDSCH, provided to a UE by PDCCH activating or (re-)initializing the UL configured grant 2 or DL SPS, or provided to a UE by RRC signaling related to the UL configured grant Type 1. If the CRC attached transport block is larger than the maximum code block size for the selected LDPC base graph, the CRC attached transport block may be segmented into code blocks, and an additional CRC sequence is attached to each code block. The maximum code block sizes for the LDPC base graph 1 and the LDPC base graph 2 are 8448 bits and 3480 bits, respectively. If the CRC attached transport block is not larger than the maximum code block size for the selected LDPC base graph, the CRC attached transport block is encoded with the selected LDPC base graph. Each code block of the transport block is encoded with the selected LDPC base graph. The LDPC coded blocks are then individually rat matched. Code block concatenation is performed to create a codeword for transmission on PDSCH or PUSCH. For PDSCH, up to 2 codewords (i.e. up to 2 transport blocks) can be transmitted simultaneously on the PDSCH. PUSCH can be used for transmission of UL-SCH data and layer 1/2 control information. Although not shown in FIG. 8, the layer 1/2 control information may be multiplexed with the codeword for UL-SCH data.

<Scrambling and Modulation>

The bits of the codeword are scrambled and modulated to generate a block of complex-valued modulation symbols.

<Layer Mapping>

The complex-valued modulation symbols of the codeword are mapped to one or more multiple input multiple output (MIMO) layers. A codeword can be mapped to up to 4 layers. A PDSCH can carry two codewords, and thus a PDSCH can support up to 8-layer transmission. A PUSCH supports a single codeword, and thus a PUSCH can support up to 4-layer transmission.

<Transform Precoding>

The DL transmission waveform is conventional OFDM using a cyclic prefix (CP). For DL, transform precoding (in other words, discrete Fourier transform (DFT)) is not applied.

The UL transmission waveform is conventional OFDM using a CP with a transform precoding function performing DFT spreading that can be disabled or enabled. In the 3GPP NR system, for UL, the transform precoding can be optionally applied if enabled. The transform precoding is to spread UL data in a special way to reduce peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the waveform. The transform precoding is a form of DFT. In other words, the 3GPP NR system supports two options for UL waveform: one is CP-OFDM (same as DL waveform) and the other one is DFT-s-OFDM. Whether a UE has to use CP-OFDM or DFT-s-OFDM is configured by a BS via RRC parameters.

<Subcarrier Mapping>

The layers are mapped to antenna ports. In DL, for the layers to antenna ports mapping, a transparent manner (non-codebook based) mapping is supported and how beamforming or MIMO precoding is performed is transparent to the UE. In UL, for the layers to antenna ports mapping, both the non-codebook based mapping and a codebook based mapping are supported.

For each antenna port (i.e. layer) used for transmission of the physical channel (e.g. PDSCH, PUSCH), the complex-valued modulation symbols are mapped to subcarriers in resource blocks allocated to the physical channel.

<OFDM Modulation>

The communication device at the transmitting side generates a time-continuous

OFDM baseband signal on antenna port p and subcarrier spacing configuration u for OFDM symbol 1 in a TTI for a physical channel by adding a cyclic prefix (CP) and performing IFFT. For example, for each OFDM symbol, the communication device at the transmitting side may perform inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) on the complex-valued modulation symbols mapped to resource blocks in the corresponding OFDM symbol and add a CP to the IFFT-ed signal to generate the OFDM baseband signal.

<Up-Conversion>

The communication device at the transmitting side up-convers the OFDM baseband signal for antenna port p, subcarrier spacing configuration u and OFDM symbol 1 to a carrier frequency f0 of a cell to which the physical channel is assigned.

The processors 102 and 202 in FIG. 2 may be configured to perform encoding, schrambling, modulation, layer mapping, transform precoding (for UL), subcarrier mapping, and OFDM modulation. The processors 102 and 202 may control the transceivers 106 and 206 connected to the processors 102 and 202 to up-convert the OFDM baseband signal onto the carrier frequency to generate radio frequency (RF) signals. The radio frequency signals are transmitted through antennas 108 and 208 to an external device.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of physical layer processing at a receiving side.

The physical layer processing at the receiving side is basically the inverse processing of the physical layer processing at the transmitting side.

<Frequency Down-Conversion>

The communication device at a receiving side receives RF signals at a carrier frequency through antennas. The transceivers 106 and 206 receiving the RF signals at the carrier frequency down-converts the carrier frequency of the RF signals into the baseband in order to obtain OFDM baseband signals.

<OFDM Demodulation>

The communication device at the receiving side obtains complex-valued modulation symbols via CP detachment and FFT. For example, for each OFDM symbol, the communication device at the receiving side removes a CP from the OFDM baseband signals and performs FFT on the CP-removed OFDM baseband signals to obtain complex-valued modulation symbols for antenna port p, subcarrier spacing u and OFDM symbol 1.

<Subcarrier Demapping>

The subcarrier demapping is performed on the complex-valued modulation symbols to obtain complex-valued modulation symbols of a corresponding physical channel. For example, the processor(s) 102 may obtain complex-valued modulation symbols mapped to subcarriers belong to PDSCH from among complex-valued modulation symbols received in a bandwidth part. For another example, the processor(s) 202 may obtain complex-valued modulation symbols mapped to subcarriers belong to PUSCH from among complex-valued modulation symbols received in a bandwidth part

<Transform De-Precoding>

Transform de-precoding (e.g. IDFT) is performed on the complex-valued modulation symbols of the uplink physical channel if the transform precoding has been enabled for the uplink physical channel. For the downlink physical channel and for the uplink physical channel for which the transform precoding has been disabled, the transform de-precoding is not performed.

<Layer Demapping>

The complex-valued modulation symbols are de-mapped into one or two codewords.

<Demodulation and Descrambling>

The complex-valued modulation symbols of a codeword are demodulated and descrambled into bits of the codeword.

<Decoding>

The codeword is decoded into a transport block. For UL-SCH and DL-SCH, either LDPC base graph 1 or 2 is selected based on the size of the transport block and coding rate R. The codeword may include one or multiple coded blocks. Each coded block is decoded with the selected LDPC base graph into a CRC-attached code block or CRC-attached transport block. If code block segmentation was performed on a CRC-attached transport block at the transmitting side, a CRC sequence is removed from each of CRC-attached code blocks, whereby code blocks are obtained. The code blocks are concatenated into a CRC-attached transport block. The transport block CRC sequence is removed from the CRC-attached transport block, whereby the transport block is obtained. The transport block is delivered to the MAC layer.

In the above described physical layer processing at the transmitting and receiving sides, the time and frequency domain resources (e.g. OFDM symbol, subcarriers, carrier frequency) related to subcarrier mapping, OFDM modulation and frequency up/down conversion can be determined based on the resource allocation (e.g., UL grant, DL assignment).

For uplink data transmission, the processor(s) 102 of the present disclosure may apply (or control the transceiver(s) 106 to apply) the above described physical layer processing of the transmitting side to the data unit of the present disclosure to transmit the data unit wirelessly. For downlink data reception, the processor(s) 102 of the present disclosure may apply (or control the transceiver(s) 106 to apply) the above described physical layer processing of the receiving side to received radio signals to obtain the data unit of the present disclosure.

For downlink data transmission, the processor(s) 202 of the present disclosure may apply (or control the transceiver(s) 206 to apply) the above described physical layer processing of the transmitting side to the data unit of the present disclosure to transmit the data unit wirelessly. For uplink data reception, the processor(s) 202 of the present disclosure may apply (or control the transceiver(s) 206 to apply) the above described physical layer processing of the receiving side to received radio signals to obtain the data unit of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 illustrates operations of the wireless devices based on the implementations of the present disclosure.

The first wireless device 100 of FIG. 2 may generate first information/signals according to the functions, procedures, and/or methods described in the present disclosure, and then transmit radio signals including the first information/signals wirelessly to the second wireless device 200 of FIG. 2 (S10). The first information/signals may include the data unit(s) (e.g. PDU, SDU, RRC message) of the present disclosure. The first wireless device 100 may receive radio signals including second information/signals from the second wireless device 200 (S30), and then perform operations based on or according to the second information/signals (S50). The second information/signals may be transmitted by the second wireless device 200 to the first wireless device 100 in response to the first information/signals. The second information/signals may include the data unit(s) (e.g. PDU, SDU, RRC message) of the present disclosure. The first information/signals may include contents request information, and the second information/signals may include contents specific to the usage of the first wireless device 100. Some examples of operations specific to the usages of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described below.

In some scenarios, the first wireless device 100 may be a hand-held device 100 d of FIG. 1, which performs the functions, procedures, and/or methods described in the present disclosure. The hand-held device 100 d may acquire information/signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, images, or video) input by a user, and convert the acquired information/signals into the first information/signals. The hand-held devices 100 d may transmit the first information/signals to the second wireless device 200 (S10). The second wireless device 200 may be any one of the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f in FIG. 1 or a BS. The hand-held device 100 d may receive the second information/signals from the second wireless device 200 (S30), and perform operations based on the second information/signals (S50). For example, the hand-held device 100 d may output the contents of the second information/signals to the user (e.g. in the form of text, voice, images, video, or haptic) through the I/O unit of the hand-held device 100 d.

In some scenarios, the first wireless device 100 may be a vehicle or an autonomous driving vehicle 100 b, which performs the functions, procedures, and/or methods described in the present disclosure. The vehicle 100 b may transmit (S10) and receive (S30) signals (e.g. data and control signals) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, BSs (e.g. gNBs and road side units), and servers, through its communication unit (e.g. communication unit 110 of FIG. 1C). The vehicle 100 b may include a driving unit, and the driving unit may cause the vehicle 100 b to drive on a road. The driving unit of the vehicle 100 b may include an engine, a motor, a powertrain, a wheel, a brake, a steering device, etc. The vehicle 100 b may include a sensor unit for acquiring a vehicle state, ambient environment information, user information, etc. The vehicle 100 b may generate and transmit the first information/signals to the second wireless device 200 (S10). The first information/signals may include vehicle state information, ambient environment information, user information, and etc. The vehicle 100 b may receive the second information/signals from the second wireless device 200 (S30). The second information/signals may include vehicle state information, ambient environment information, user information, and etc. The vehicle 100b may drive on a road, stop, or adjust speed, based on the second information/signals (S50). For example, the vehicle 100 b may receive map the second information/signals including data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server (S30). The vehicle 100 b may generate an autonomous driving path and a driving plan based on the second information/signals, and may move along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed/direction control) (S50). For another example, the control unit or processor(s) of the vehicle 100 b may generate a virtual object based on the map information, traffic information, and vehicle position information obtained through a GPS sensor of the vehicle 100 b and an I/O unit 140 of the vehicle 100 b may display the generated virtual object in a window in the vehicle 100 b (S50).

In some scenarios, the first wireless device 100 may be an XR device 100 c of FIG. 1, which performs the functions, procedures, and/or methods described in the present disclosure. The XR device 100 c may transmit (S10) and receive (S30) signals (e.g., media data and control signals) to and from external devices such as other wireless devices, hand-held devices, or media servers, through its communication unit (e.g. communication unit 110 of FIG. 1C). For example, the XR device 100 c transmits content request information to another device or media server (S10), and download/stream contents such as films or news from another device or the media server (S30), and generate, output or display an XR object (e.g. an AR/VR/MR object), based on the second information/signals received wirelessly, through an I/O unit of the XR device (S50).

In some scenarios, the first wireless device 100 may be a robot 100 a of FIG. 1, which performs the functions, procedures, and/or methods described in the present disclosure. The robot 100 a may be categorized into an industrial robot, a medical robot, a household robot, a military robot, etc., according to a used purpose or field. The robot 100 a may transmit (S10) and receive (S30) signals (e.g., driving information and control signals) to and from external devices such as other wireless devices, other robots, or control servers, through its communication unit (e.g. communication unit 110 of FIG. 1C). The second information/signals may include driving information and control signals for the robot 100 a. The control unit or processor(s) of the robot 100 a may control the movement of the robot 100 a based on the second information/signals.

In some scenarios, the first wireless device 100 may be an AI device 400 of FIG. 1. The AI device maybe implemented by a fixed device or a mobile device, such as a TV, a projector, a smartphone, a PC, a notebook, a digital broadcast terminal, a tablet PC, a wearable device, a Set Top Box (STB), a radio, a washing machine, a refrigerator, a digital signage, a robot, a vehicle, etc. The AI device 400 may transmit (S10) and receive (S30) wired/radio signals (e.g., sensor information, user input, learning models, or control signals) to and from external devices such as other AI devices (e.g., 100 a, . . . , 100 f, 200, or 400 of FIG. 1) or an AI server (e.g., 400 of FIG. 1) using wired/wireless communication technology. The control unit or processor(s) of the AI device 400 may determine at least one feasible operation of the AI device 400, based on information which is determined or generated using a data analysis algorithm or a machine learning algorithm. The AI device 400 may request that external devices such as other AI devices or AI server provide the AI device 400 with sensor information, user input, learning models, control signals and etc. (S10). The AI device 400 may receive second information/signals (e.g., sensor information, user input, learning models, or control signals) (S30), and the AI device 400 may perform a predicted operation or an operation determined to be preferred among at least one feasible operation based on the second information/signals (S50).

Next, a random access (RA) procedure will be described. The RA procedure is divided into a contention based random access procedure and a contention free random access procedure. The contention based random access procedure or the contention free random access procedure is determined depending on whether a random access preamble used in the RA procedure is directly selected by a UE or is selected by an eNB.

In the contention free random access procedure, the UE uses a random access preamble which is directly allocated thereto by the eNB. Accordingly, if the eNB allocates the specific random access preamble only to the UE, the random access preamble is used only by the UE and other UEs do not use the random access preamble. Accordingly, since the random access preamble corresponds one-to-one to the UE which uses the random access preamble, no contention occurs. In this case, since the eNB may become aware of the UE which transmits the random access preamble as soon as the eNB receives the random access preamble, efficiency is good.

In the contention based random access procedure, since a random access preamble is arbitrarily selected from among random access preambles which may be used by the UE and is transmitted, a plurality of UEs may always use the same random access preamble. Accordingly, when the eNB receives a specific random access preamble, the eNB may not check which UE transmits the random access preamble.

The UE performs the random access procedure 1) if a UE performs initial access without RRC connection with an eNB, 2) if a UE first accesses a target cell in a handover process, 3) if a random access procedure is requested by a command of an eNB, 4) if uplink data is generated in a state in which uplink time synchronization is not performed or radio resources to be used to request radio resources are not allocated and 5) upon a restoring process due to radio link failure or handover failure.

Hereinafter, the contention based random access procedure is explained.

Firstly, the UE may randomly select a single random access preamble from a set of random access preambles indicated through system information or a handover command, and select and transmit Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) resources capable of transmitting the random access preamble. At this time, the preamble is called RACH MSG 1.

Next, the UE attempts to receive its own random access response within a random access response reception window indicated by the eNB through the system information or the handover command, after the random access preamble is transmitted. More specifically, RACH MSG 2, that is, random access response information is transmitted in the form of a MAC PDU and the MAC PDU is sent via a PD SCH. In addition, a PDCCH is also sent in order to enable the UE to appropriately receive the information sent via the PDSCH. That is, the PDCCH includes information about the UE which should receive the PDSCH, frequency and time information of radio resources of the PDSCH and the transmission format of the PD SCH. If the UE successfully receives the PDCCH, the random access response transmitted via the PDSCH is appropriately received according to the information about the PDCCH. The random access response includes a random access preamble identity, UL grant, a temporary C-RNTI, a time alignment command, etc. The reason why the random access preamble identity is necessary is because random access response information for one or more UEs may be included in one random access response and thus it is necessary to indicate for which UE the uplink grant, the temporary C-RNTI and the time alignment command are valid. The random access preamble identity matches the random access preamble selected by the UE.

Subsequently, if the UE has received the random access response valid for the UE, the UE processes all information included in the random access response. That is, the UE applies the time alignment command and stores the temporary C-RNTI. In addition, data which is stored in the buffer of the UE or newly generated data is transmitted to the eNB using the uplink grant. At this time, data transmitted via the uplink grant, that is, MAC PDU, is referred to as RACH MSG 3. The identity of the UE should necessarily be included in the data included in the uplink grant. This is because the eNB may not determine which UE performs the random access procedure in the contention based random access procedure and thus should identify the UE in order to perform contention resolution later.

Finally, after the UE transmits the data including its own identity through the UL Grant included in the random access response, the UE waits for an indication from the eNB for contention resolution. That is, the UE attempts to receive the PDCCH in order to receive a specific message. Here, there are two schemes for receiving the PDCCH. As described above, the UE attempts to receive the PDCCH using its own cell identity if the identity transmitted via the UL Grant is a cell identity, and the UE attempts to receive the PDC CH using the temporary C-RNTI included in the random access response if the identity is its own unique identity. Thereafter, in the former scheme, if the PDCCH (that is, RACH MSG 4) has been received through its own cell identity before the contention resolution timer has expired, the UE determines that the random access procedure has been normally performed and completes the random access procedure. In the latter scheme, if the PDCCH has been received through the temporary C-RNTI before the contention resolution timer has expired, the UE checks data transferred by the PDCCH indicated by the PDCCH. If the unique identity of the UE is included in the data, the UE determines that the random access procedure has been normally performed and completes the random access procedure.

Hereinafter, a Scheduling Request (SR)is described.

The Scheduling Request (SR) is used for requesting UL-SCH resources for new transmission. The MAC entity may be configured with zero, one, or more SR configurations. An SR configuration consists of a set of PUCCH resources for SR across different BWPs and cells. For a logical channel, at most one PUC CH resource for SR is configured per BWP.

Each SR configuration corresponds to one or more logical channels. Each logical channel may be mapped to zero or one SR configuration, which is configured by RRC. The SR configuration of the logical channel that triggered the buffer state report (BSR) (if such a configuration exists) is considered as corresponding SR configuration for the triggered SR.

RRC configures the following parameters for the scheduling request procedure:

-   -   sr-ProhibitTimer (per SR configuration);     -   sr-TransMax (per SR configuration).

The following UE variables are used for the scheduling request procedure:

-   -   SR_COUNTER (per SR configuration).

If an SR is triggered and there are no other SRs pending corresponding to the same SR configuration, the MAC entity shall set the SR_COUNTER of the corresponding SR configuration to 0.

When an SR is triggered, it shall be considered as pending until it is cancelled. All pending SR(s) triggered prior to the MAC PDU assembly shall be cancelled and each respective sr-ProhibitTimer shall be stopped when the MAC PDU is transmitted and this PDU includes a BSR MAC CE which contains buffer status up to (and including) the last event that triggered a BSR prior to the MAC PDU assembly. All pending SR(s) shall be cancelled and each respective sr-ProhibitTimer shall be stopped when the UL grant(s) can accommodate all pending data available for transmission.

Only PUCCH resources on a BWP which is active at the time of SR transmission occasion are considered valid.

As long as at least one SR is pending, for each pending SR, the MAC entity shall initiate a Random Access procedure (see subclause 5.1) on the SpCell and cancel the pending SR if the MAC entity has no valid PUCCH resource configured for the pending SR.

Else, for the SR configuration corresponding to the pending SR, when the MAC entity has an SR transmission occasion on the valid PUC CH resource for SR configured; and if sr-ProhibitTimer is not running at the time of the SR transmission occasion; and if the PUC CH resource for the SR transmission occasion does not overlap with a measurement gap; and if the PUCCH resource for the SR transmission occasion does not overlap with a UL-SCH resource, and further if SR_COUNTER<sr-TransMax, the MAC entity should increment SR_COUNTER by 1, instruct the physical layer to signal the SR on one valid PUCCH resource for SR, and start the sr-ProhibitTimer.

However, if SR_COUNTER>=sr-TransMax, the MAC entity should notify RRC to release PUCCH for all Serving Cells, notify RRC to release SRS for all Serving Cells, clear any configured downlink assignments and uplink grants, clear any PUSCH resources for semi-persistent CSI reporting, and initiate a Random Access procedure on the SpCell and cancel all pending SRs.

The MAC entity may stop, if any, ongoing Random Access procedure due to a pending SR which has no valid PUCCH resources configured, which was initiated by MAC entity prior to the MAC PDU assembly. Such a Random Access procedure may be stopped when the MAC PDU is transmitted using a UL grant other than a UL grant provided by Random Access Response, and this PDU includes a BSR MAC CE which contains buffer status up to (and including) the last event that triggered a BSR prior to the MAC PDU assembly, or when the UL grant(s) can accommodate all pending data available for transmission.

According to NR standard (especially, TS 38.321), if a MAC entity has no valid PUCCH resource configured for pending SR, the MAC entity initiates a Random Access (RA) procedure and cancel the pending SR.A network does not aware of the initiation of the RA procedure due to the pending SR which has no valid PUCCH resource until the RA procedure is successfully completed.

Upon initiation of the RA procedure on a Serving cell, the MAC entity switches the active DL BWP to another DL BWP with the same BWP identifier (bwp-id) as the active UL BWP if the active DL BWP does not have the same bwp-id as the active UL BWP.

If the MAC entity switches the active DL BWP to another DL BWP with the same bwp-id as the active UL BWP upon initiation of the RA procedure for the pending SR which has no valid PUCCH resource while the MAC entity is transmitting the PUCCH for the other SR pending on the active DL BWP, the network does not aware of initiation of the RA procedure until the RA procedure is successfully completed. In other words, the MAC entity cannot receive a UL grant for new transmission until the RA is successfully completed because the network does not know the DL BWP switched by the MAC itself upon initiation of the RA procedure.

As the MAC entity cannot receive the UL grant for the pending SR which has valid PUCCH resource, unnecessary delay will happen, which may cause loss of the UL grant and consumes radio resources unnecessarily. If the pending SR corresponds to the logical channel with higher priority (e.g., URLLC), this unnecessary delay would be more critical.

To reduce the unnecessary delay for receiving a UL grant and reduce the radio resources waste, if an RA procedure is triggered while there is one or more ongoing SRs by using the SR PUCCH resources, a UE switches the active UL BWP to another UL BWP in which both valid PUCCH for the ongoing SR and PRACH occasions are configured.

The invention applies to the case where the UE is currently operating on the active UL BWP with a different bwp-id as the active DL BWP regardless of whether PRACH occasions for the RA procedure are configured on the current UL BWP. On the new active UL BWP selected by the UE, the UE initiates the triggered RA procedure and continues the ongoing SRs.

For BWP operation, the MAC entity is configured with one or multiple BWPs per a Serving Cell according to NR standards (especially, TS 38.331 and TS 38.321). The network may configure the MAC entity with one or multiple BWPs per serving cell of the UE by signalling configuration information on the BWP(s) for the UE. In some scenarios of the present disclosure, there is only one activate BWP per either uplink or downlink at any point in time in the MAC entity.

For each UL BWP, the MAC entity is configured with PRACH occasions and/or SR PUCCH resources. In particular, a UL BWP may be configured with both of PRACH occasions and SR PUCCH resources, or PRACH occasions only, or SR PUCCH resources only, or none of PRACH occasions and SR PUCCH resources.

SR PUCCH resources on a UL BWP are associated with at least one logical channel so that the network is able to identify a logical channel having UL data to transmit when receiving an SR transmission on the SR PUCCH resource on the UL BWP. In the meanwhile, a logical channel may be associated with zero or one SR PUCCH resource per UL BWP.

For a logical channel associated with no an SR PUCCH resource on a UL BWP, the MAC entity triggers an RA procedure when a UL data becomes available but there is no the SR PUCCH resource to transmit the UL data. For a logical channel associated with an SR PUCCH resource, the MAC entity performs an SR procedure by using the associated SR PUCCH resource when the UL data becomes available.

For purpose of RA procedure, the MAC entity can be configured with UL/DL BWP linkage. It means that when the MAC entity performs an RA procedure, the MAC entity uses a UL BWP for uplink and linked DL BWP for downlink. To make a linkage between UL BWP and DL BWP for the RA procedure, a same bwp-id can be allocated according to TS 38.331 and TS 38.321.

In the present disclosure, the UE (or MAC entity at the UE) behavior is as follows. In the following description, a MAC entity related to a UE behavior refers to the UE itself or the MAC entity of the UE.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a procedure at a transmitting side according to the present disclosure. A MAC entity triggers a scheduling request (SR) procedure and a random access (RA) procedure according to the events specified in TS 38.321. In FIG. 11, it is assumed that the MAC entity is currently operating on one active UL BWP among multiple UL BWPs.

Firstly, in S1001, the MAC entity triggers the RA procedure because a logical channel that triggers an SR procedure has no SR PUCCH resource on the current active UL BWP. The triggered SR procedure shall be considered as pending until it is cancelled.

In S1002, upon triggering of the RA procedure, the MAC entity checks whether there is already ongoing SR procedure for the other pending SR on the current active UL BWP. If there is already ongoing SR procedure for the other pending SR on the current active UL BWP, the MAC entity selects a new UL BWP in which both an SR PUCCH resource and a PRACH resource are configured according to S1003.

On the selected UL BWP, the MAC entity continues the ongoing SR procedure by using the SR PUCCH resource and performs the triggered RA procedure by using the PRACH resource. If there is no ongoing SR procedure for the other pending SR on the current active UL BWP, the MAC entity performs the RA procedure according to S1004.

The detailed procedure for the implementation of the present disclosure is addressed below.

A MAC entity is configured with multiple UL BWPs and operates on one active UL BWP among multiple UL BWPs by receiving a configuration of BWP via layer 1 (L1) or layer 2 (L2) or layer 3 (L3) signaling.

The MAC entity triggers an SR when UL data becomes available for a logical channel, for which a valid SR PUCCH resource exists on the current active UL BWP. Therefore, the MAC entity performs an SR procedure on the valid SR PUCCH resource on the current active UL BWP.

The MAC entity triggers another SR when UL data becomes available for a logical channel, for which a valid SR PUCCH resource does not exist on the current active UL BWP. In contrast, the MAC entity triggers an RA procedure because there is no valid SR PUCCH resource associated with the logical channel on the current active UL BWP.

The MAC entity selects a new UL BWP in which an SR PUCCH resource and a PRACH resource exist.

More specifically, the SR PUCCH resource is an SR PUCCH resource where the MAC entity can continue the ongoing SR procedure. In other words, the SR PUCCH resource is associated with a logical channel, which is related to the ongoing SR procedure. The PRACH resource is used to determine a PRACH occasion (e.g. time-frequency resource for PRACH) where the MAC entity can perform the triggered RA procedure. For example, the PRACH resource is for contention-based RA procedure.

When the current active UL BWP has both an SR PUCCH resource and a PRACH resource, the MAC entity may select the current UL BWP if the current active UL BWP and active DL BWP are linked for the RA procedure, e.g., bwp-id of the current UL BWP and bwp-id of the current active DL BWP are the same.

Even if the current active UL BWP has both an SR PUCCH resource and a PRACH resource, the MAC entity does not select the current UL BWP if the current active UL BWP and active DL BWP are not linked for the RA procedure. A link between the active UL BWP and the active DL BWP means that a bwp-id of the current UL BWP and a bwp-id of the current active DL BWP are different.

Like this, the reason for excluding the current UL BWP is that a network may not be able to know which DL BWP to use for a DL transmission in response to the SR and the RA preamble.

The MAC entity switches a UL BWP from the current active UL BWP to the selected UL BWP. The MAC entity further switches a current active DL BWP if the current active DL BWP is not linked with the selected UL BWP for the RA procedure. In other words, the MAC entity switches the current DL BWP to a DL BWP with a same bwp-id as the selected UL BWP.

On the new active UL BWP, the MAC entity continues the ongoing SR procedure by using the SR PUCCH resource and initiates the triggered RA procedure by using the PRACH resource. When the MAC entity continues the ongoing SR procedure on the new active UL BWP, the MAC entity may not reset SR parameters, e.g., sr-ProhibitTimer, sr-TransMax, SR_COUNTER.

If there are no other UL BWPs in which both of an SR PUCCH resource and a PRACH resource exist, the MAC entity does not switch the current active UL BWP to a UL BWP among other UL BWPs.

FIG. 12 shows an example of a configuration for a UE at a transmitting side according to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 12, a MAC entity is configured with three logical channels and two SR configurations via RRC signaling. Both a logical channel #1 (2003) and a logical channel #2 (2004) are mapped to each SR configuration (SR1, SR2). The other logical channel #3 (2005) is mapped to zero SR configuration. The MAC entity is configured with one PUC CH resource for each SR configuration per UL BWP except the PUC CH resource for 5R2 on the UL BWP# 3 (2006). For the logical channel 3 (2005), the MAC entity is not configured with the PU CCH resource for zero SR configuration across all BWPs (2007). In addition, the MAC entity is configured with the PRACH occasion per UL BWP except for UL BWP#3 (2008).

When the MAC entity has UL data available for transmission on the logical channel #2 (2004) and the MAC entity has no UL-SCH resource, the MAC entity triggers an SR corresponding to the logical channel #2 (2004). It shall be considered as pending until it is cancelled. As the pending SR which corresponds to logical channel #2 (2004) has a valid SR PUCCH resource on the current active UL BWP #2 (2001), the MAC entity performs an SR procedure with the valid PUCCH resource on the current active UL BWP #2 (2001). In other words, the UE transmits an SR on every available PUC CH until resources for UL transmission (e.g. resources for UL-SCH data) are granted.

When the MAC entity has another UL data available for transmission on the logical channel #3 (2005) with higher priority than those for which data is already available for transmission, the MAC entity triggers another SR. However, as the pending SR which corresponds to logical channel #3 (2005) has no valid SRPUCCH on the current active BWP #2 (2001), the MAC entity triggers an RA procedure according to S1001 OF FIG. 11. Even if the MAC entity is configured with zero SR configuration, the MAC entity triggers an SR, it will be considered as pending SR.

Upon triggering of RA procedure, the MAC entity checks whether another SR procedure is ongoing on the current active UL BWP #2 (2001) according to S1002 OF FIG. 11. The MAC entity may further check whether both the current active UL BWP and the current active DL BWP are not linked for the RA procedure.

If there is already ongoing SR procedure for another pending SR and both the current active UL BWP and the current active DL BWP are not linked for the RA procedure, the MAC entity checks whether there is a new UL BWP in which both an SR PUCCH resource for logical channel #2 (2004) and a PRACH resource for the pending SR related to logical channel #3 (2005) are configured. If there is a new UL BWP#1 for both an SR PUCCH resource and a PRACH resource exist (2009), the MAC entity selects the new UL BWP #1.

As a result of the new UL BWP selection, the MAC entity switches the current active UL BWP#2 (2001) to the selected UL BWP#1 (2009) and activates the new UL BWP #1 and deactivates the current active UL BWP #2. The MAC entity further switches a current active DL BWP #3 (2002) to another DL BWP#1 (2010) with a same bwp-id as the active UL BWP #1(2009).

On the new active UL BWP#1 (2009), the MAC entity continues the ongoing SR procedure by using the SR PUCCH resource and initiates the triggered RA procedure by using the PRACH resource until the MAC entity receives a UL grant on the active DL BWP#1 (2010) for new transmission.

Hereinafter, the network (NW) behavior (or MAC entity at the network) according to the present disclosure is described.

The network configures the BWP, SR and PRACH resource on a serving cell for a UE. The network monitors the PUC CH on across different BWPs configured by the network regardless of an active UL BWP.

When the network receives the PUCCH on a UL BWP different from the active UL BWP configured by network, the network recognizes the ULBWP switching by the UE itself upon initiation of RA procedure for the pending SR which has no valid PUCCH. The network recognizes the active DL BWP which has a same bwp-id as the active UL BWP as well because both the active UL BWP and DL BWP have a same bwp-id when the RA procedure is initiated.

If the network has a UL grant for the UE, the network transmits the UL grant on the active DL BWP switched by the UE itself. When the UE receives the UL grant which can accommodate all pending data available on the active DL BWP, the UE stops ongoing RA procedure and performs a new transmission by using the UL grant.

FIG. 13-FIG. 15 show an example of a procedure at a receiving side according to the present disclosure.

In S3001, the network configures the BWP, SR, PRACH resources for the UE on a serving cell. In S3003, the network activates both UL BWP and DL BWP. The active UL BWP is configured with a different bwp-id as the active DL BWP.

The network monitors a PUC CH on across different UL BWPs regardless of the active UL BWP, in S3005. And, the UE detects a pending SR which has valid PUCCH resource in S3007, the UE transmits the PUC CH for the pending SR on the active UL BWP configured by network in S3009.

As the network does not have a UL grant, the network does not respond to the PUCCH receiving from the UE such as S3011. In S3013, the UE continues to transmit the PUCCH until the UL grant is received.

Next, in S3015, if the UE detects the other SR pending which has no valid PUCCH resource, the RA procedure is triggered. Then, the UE checks whether another UL BWP for both PUCCH and PRACH resource is configured.

When the UE detects another UL BWP, the UE switches the active UL BWP to another UL BWP in S3017. The UE initiates RA procedure and transmits PUCCH on the UL BWP switched by UE itself.

When the network receives the PUCCH on the UL BWP different from the active UL BWP configured by network such as S3019, the network recognizes the UL BWP switched by the UE itself upon initiation of RA procedure for the pending SR which has no valid PUCCH resource, in S3021. The network recognizes the active DL BWP which has a same bwp-id as the active UL BWP as well because both the active UL BWP and DL BWP have a same bwp-id when the RA procedure is initiated.

And then, the network transmits a UL grant on the DL BWP with a same bwp-id as the active UL BWP, in S3023. In S3025, when the UE receives the UL grant which can accommodate all pending data available on the DL BWP, the UE stops ongoing RA procedure. Then, the UE performs a new UL transmission by using the UL grant on the active UL BWP switched by the UE itself, in S3027.

The UL transmission in the present disclosure is performed on a physical channel (e.g., PUSCH) based on resource allocation (e.g., UL grant). For example, a UE may generate a MAC PDU for a UL transmission according to an implementation of the present disclosure, and transmit the MAC PDU through a PUSCH based on a UL grant available to the UE. A network node (e.g., BS) may receive the MAC PDU through the PUSCH. In the present disclosure, uplink resource allocation is also referred to as uplink grant, and downlink resource allocation is also referred to as downlink assignment. The resource allocation includes time domain resource allocation and frequency domain resource allocation. In the present disclosure, an uplink grant is either received by the UE dynamically on PDCCH, in a Random Access Response, or configured to the UE semi-persistently by RRC. In the present disclosure, downlink assignment is either received by the UE dynamically on the PDC CH, or configured to the UE semi-persistently by RRC signalling from the BS.

The UE processor of the present disclosure may be configured to perform the implementations of the present disclosure. In particular, the UE processor may be configured to perform the UE behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The UE processor maybe configured with the MAC entity according to the implementation of the present disclosure. The UE processor may be configured to transmit (or control the UE transceiver to transmit) the SR and/or RACH preamble on a UL BWP according to the implementation of the present disclosure. The UE processor may be configured to receive a response to the SR and/or RACH preamble on a DL BWP according to the implementation of the present disclosure. The UE processor may be configured to obtain a UL grant based on the implementation of the present disclosure. The UE processor may be configured to perform (or control the UE transceiver to perform) UL transmission based on the UL grant.

The BS processor of the present disclosure may be configured to perform the implementations of the present disclosure. In particular, the BS processor may be configured to perform the NW behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The BS processor may be configured with the MAC entity according to the implementation of the present disclosure.

According to the implementations of the present disclosure, the MAC entity can receive a UL grant on the active DL BWP switched by the MAC itself even if the MAC entity switches the active DL BWP to DL BWP with a same bwp-id as the active UL BWP upon initiation of the RA procedure due to the pending SR which has no valid PUCCH resource while the MAC entity is transmitting the PUCCH for the other SR pending on the active DL BWP. In other words, this makes the UE can avoid unnecessary delay of receiving the UL grant and reduce radio resource waste. 

1. A method for performing a random access (RA) procedure by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: triggering the RA procedure, wherein, when there is an ongoing scheduling request (SR) procedure on a first uplink (UL) bandwidth part (BWP), a second UL BWP is selected, and wherein both an SR resource and PRACH resources are configured in the second UL BWP; and transmitting a RA preamble and a SR of the ongoing SR procedure on the second UL BWP.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving a random access response (RAR) on a downlink (DL) BWP having a same BWP identifier as the second UL BWP.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving an uplink grant related to the ongoing SR procedure on a downlink (DL) BWP having a same BWP identifier as the second UL BWP.
 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising: performing a new UL transmission using the uplink grant on the second UL BWP.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein, when there is not the ongoing SR procedure on the first UL BWP, the RA preamble is transmitted on the first UL BWP.
 6. A user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the UE comprising: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising: triggering a random access (RA) procedure, wherein, when there is an ongoing scheduling request (SR) procedure on a first uplink (UL) bandwidth part (BWP), a second UL BWP is selected, and wherein both an SR resource and PRACH resources are configured in the second UL BWP; and transmitting a RA preamble and a SR of the ongoing SR procedure on the second UL BWP.
 7. The UE of claim 6, wherein the operations further comprise receiving a random access response (RAR) on a downlink (DL) BWP having a same BWP identifier as the second UL BWP.
 8. The UE of claim 6, wherein the operations further comprise receiving an uplink grant related to the ongoing SR procedure on a downlink (DL) BWP having a same BWP identifier as the second UL BWP.
 9. The UE of claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise performing a new UL transmission using the uplink grant on the second UL BWP.
 10. The UE of claim 6, wherein, when there is not the ongoing SR procedure on the first UL BWP, the RA preamble is transmitted on the first UL BWP.
 11. An apparatus for a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising: triggering a random access (RA) procedure, wherein, when there is an ongoing scheduling request (SR) procedure on a first uplink (UL) bandwidth part (BWP), a second UL BWP is selected, and wherein both an SR resource and PRACH resources are configured in the second UL BWP; and transmitting a RA preamble and a SR of the ongoing SR procedure on the second UL BWP.
 12. A computer readable storage medium storing at least one computer program comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations for a user equipment (UE), the operations comprising: triggering a random access (RA) procedure, wherein, when there is an ongoing scheduling request (SR) procedure on a first uplink (UL) bandwidth part (BWP), a second UL BWP is selected, and wherein both an SR resource and PRACH resources are configured in the second UL BWP; and transmitting a RA preamble and a SR of the ongoing SR procedure on the second UL BWP.
 13. A method for receiving a random access (RA) preamble by a base station (BS) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: receiving the RA preamble from a user equipment (UE); wherein, when there is an ongoing scheduling request (SR) procedure on a first uplink (UL) bandwidth part (BWP) in which a RA procedure is triggered by the UE, the RA preamble is received with a SR of the ongoing SR procedure on a second UL BWP in which both an SR resource and PRACH resources are configured.
 14. A base station (BS) in a wireless communication system, the BS comprising: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising: receiving a random access (RA) preamble from a user equipment (UE); wherein, when there is an ongoing scheduling request (SR) procedure on a first uplink (UL) bandwidth part (BWP) in which a RA procedure is triggered by the UE, the RA preamble is received with a SR of the ongoing SR procedure on a second UL BWP in which both an SR resource and PRACH resources are configured. 